In Einstein's explanation of the famous formula , there is nothing mentioned about a reason of entering the speed of light c in this formula. Modern physics is still unable to elucidate it as well. A new approach, in the framework of Dynamic Model of Elementary Particles, apparently, reveals this great mystery. Here is a summary of this approach.

Dynamic Model of Elementary Particles (DM)

Let us imagine an elementary particle as a dynamic spherical microobject of a complicated structure being in a dynamic equilibrium with environment through the wave process of the definite frequency ω. Longitudinal oscillations of its wave shell in the radial direction provide an interaction of the particle with other objects and the ambient field of matter-space-time.

(dr and dS are the thickness and area of an element of volume of the wave shell in a spherical field of exchange*: a particle - ambient field of matter-space-time; and are powers of exchange of the field with the element of shell of the particle, is the two-dimensional density of exchange, or the pressure of the field of exchange, is the wave number corresponding to the fundamental frequency ω of the field of exchange at the subatomic level)

The spherical wave shell bounds the space of an elementary particle, separating it from the ambient wave field. It is the characteristic sphere. The characteristic sphere restricts the main part of the microparticle from its field part merging gradually with the ambient field of matter-space-time.

The main part (core) is the basis of a microparticle, whereas the field part represents its superstructure. Thus, the basis space of a microparticle is restricted by the characteristic sphere, beyond which there is the space of its superstructure. Such a dynamic model interprets a microparticle as a particular discrete physical point of an arbitrary level of matter-space-time, restricted by the characteristic sphere and being in rest in the field-space.

The inner geometrical space (spherical volume) of an elementary particle, restricted by its wave spherical shell, is the external world of the particle. As the external world of the Universe, this space (inside the spherical volume) naturally can be called the Anti-Universe. In this sense, the World (Being and Non-Being) is represented here through the Universe and Anti-Universe. Obviously, the spaces of the Universe and Anti-Universe are closed on each other. (Most probably, the main essence of life, its mystery, is hidden in the Anti-Universe)

The very important results have been obtained in the framework of this model. We will enumerate them; but before that, let us remind the readers the sad fact that since then the famous formula

E = m₀c²

was obtained in Einstein's manipulation of the fictitious mathematical empty spaces, physics has no answer to the principal question:

What is the cause of the relationship, which exists between the rest mass of a particle m₀ and the speed of light c in the formula where motion is out of the question? Or, in other words,

Why does the speed of light c play the fundamental role for the internal energy of a particle E?

The Standard Model of Elementary Particles (SM) is unable to explain it. By this reason, and not only, it is widely recognized, the SM "will not be the final theory" and "any efforts should be undertaken to finds hints for new physics"**. Experimentalists and theorists all over the world are actively trying to find ways to move beyond the current particle physics paradigm.

The SM was designed within the framework of Quantum Field Theory (QFT), consistent both with Quantum Mechanics and the Special Theory of Relativity. But QFT is not applied to General Relativity and, therefore, the SM cannot unify fundamental interactions with gravity.

There are many promising ideas to replace SM. In the SM, particles are considered to be points. In String Theory, a "string" is a single fundamental building block for all particles. There are five different theories of strings (three superstrings and two heterotic strings). There is also an underlying theory called M-theory of which all string theories are only. M-theory considers that all the matter in the Universe consists of combinations of tiny membranes, etc. However, many problems of the SM are still open.

One of the promising found "hints for new physics"** is the aforementioned Dynamic Model of Elementary Particles (DM).

The advantage of the DM over SM and its correctness are reinforced by the fact that from this model the naturally (and logically) originates the nature of mass and charge of elementary particles and, hence, the nature of energy E = m₀c², and other unexplained (or unknown) earlier properties of objects and phenomena of nature.

As follows from the DM:

Mass is the measure of exchange* of matter-space-time;
Electric charge is the rate of exchange of matter-space-time, or briefly, the rate of mass exchange (of the dimensionality g/s);
The speed of light c is the basis speed of exchange of matter-space-time at the subatomic level.
Energy

E = m₀c²

is the energy of wave exchange of matter-space-time on the subatomic level
or
the dynamic energy of the subatomic level.

From the DM it also originates:

The fundamental law of central exchange (of the Coulomb kind), which unifies the fundamental interactions, distinguished in contemporary physics: electromagnetic, gravitational, and nuclear;
The fundamental (carrying) frequency of exchange of matter-space-time of the subatomic level , i.e., the frequency of the "electrostatic" field, which as we see is non-static;
The fundamental wave radius , defining the average atomic diameters and, hence, the average distances (lattice parameters) in ordered material structures (crystals);
The fundamental gravitational frequency (where is the absolute unit density, G is the gravitational constant);
The fundamental gravitational radius of elementary particles ;
The existence of the gravitational frequency and the gravitational radius of elementary particles shows the indissoluble bond of micro- and mega-objects of the Universe in the unit complex of the Infinitely Small and Infinitely Big.

Thus, there are potentially enormous benefits in prospect from the further research within the DM.

* An existence and interactions of the particles are, in essence, a continuous process of the wave exchange of matter-space and motion-rest or, for brevity, exchange of matter-space-time. The wider notion exchange (instead of interaction) is more correct for such a model because it reflects behavior of elementary particles in their dynamic equilibrium with the ambient field, at rest and motion, and interactions with other objects (and particles themselves). In other words, the notion exchange is more appropriate from the point of view of the physics of the complex behavior of elementary particles, as the dynamic formations, belonging to one of the interrelated levels of the multilevel Universe. This notion was first introduced in the work "Alternative Picture of the World" in 1995.
**A quotation from [NuPECC report devoted to "Impact and Applications of Nuclear Science in Europe", 21-23 November, 2001 (France)].

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